Virtual Reality, User Research
Studying the Impact of Spatial Characteristics on Perceived Mindfulness in Virtual Environments
Overview
This study explores how different Virtual Reality (VR) meditation environments impact mindfulness and user experience. While traditional mindfulness applications rely on guided meditation, VR offers immersive experiences that can enhance relaxation, focus, and emotional regulation. This research examines how different virtual environments—natural, indoor, and abstract settings—affect a user's perceived mindfulness state, presence, and overall meditation experience.
My Role
I led the user experience research (UXR) for this study, focusing on designing and executing the research methodology. My responsibilities included:
Defining research objectives and designing the study methodology.
Developing VR environments in Unity 3D to ensure experimental control.
Recruiting participants and facilitating the study.
Collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data.
Process
Build Prototype
Built a Virtual Reality prototype using Unity 3D with 3 Virtual Environments for meditation.
User Testing
Conducted 8 user testing sessions with 3 meditation tasks in each session. Participants answered pre and post-tasks questionnaires.
Analyze Results
Used inferential statistics to understand the correlation between users' perception of mindfulness and the exposed Virtual environment.
Study Goals
While previous research highlights VR’s potential in meditation, most studies focus on nature-based settings. However, little is known about how different environments—such as abstract visuals or familiar indoor spaces—affect mindfulness experiences.
Research Questions:
How do different VR environments (nature, indoor, and abstract) impact a user's mindfulness state?
Which environment is perceived as the most effective for inducing relaxation and focus?
Do users experience differences in presence and immersion across these environments?
How does VR meditation impact cognitive performance, as measured by the Stroop test?
Virtual Environments
Nature-Based Environment
Features: Mountains, a flowing river, and dense trees.
Soundscape: Gentle river sounds, rustling leaves, and chirping birds.
Intent: Mimics real-world nature settings to promote relaxation and presence.
Indoor Cozy Space
Features: A warmly lit living room with a fireplace, soft furnishings, and a window overlooking a backyard.
Soundscape: Crackling fire, soft ambient noise, and distant outdoor sounds.
Intent: Creates a sense of familiarity and warmth, reflecting how many people meditate at home.
The study followed an experimental within-subjects design, meaning each participant experienced all three VR environments. I collected both qualitative (self-reported feedback) and quantitative (questionnaire ratings, stroop test performance) data to assess the effects of each environment. The sequence of tasks was as follows:
State Mindfulness(SMS) Questionnaire
—>
Meditation Task
—>
Post-task SMS Questionnaire
—>
Stroop Test
Data Collection
State Mindfulness Scale (SMS):
Measured perceived mindfulness after each meditation task.
Presence Questionnaire (PQ):
Assessed users’ sense of immersion after each task.
Stroop Test:
Conducted after all meditation sessions to assess cognitive performance.
Results and Insights
Coming Soon. Check out my other work until then!
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